Nanocomposites of AS1411 and Novel Drug for Targeted Cancer Therapy

Abstract

Background and Objective: Breast cancer remains a prevalent health challenge, underscoring the need for advanced therapeutic strategies that maximize efficacy while minimizing side effects. This study aimed to develop and characterize gelatin-based nanoparticles as carriers to improve efficacy and reduce side effects by using targeted delivery (Due to aptamer-AS1411) of anticancer potential of novel drug (SA24-3) in conjunction with photosensitizer (Chlorine e6) as photodynamic therapy (PDT) for synergistic effect. A factorial design was employed to optimize nanoparticle formulation.

Materials and Methods: Comprehensive characterization of the nanoparticles included particle size, zeta potential, and morphological assessments using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), confirming smooth, spherical particles. Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were conducted to validate drug incorporation and assess molecular interactions, confirming the amorphous state of the encapsulated drugs. Cytotoxicity was evaluated against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line using the MTT assay, confirming significant anticancer activity. The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and RBC aggregation studies under PDT conditions revealed effective anti-angiogenic properties and enhanced oxygen delivery, crucial for photodynamic efficacy. Additionally, in vivo toxicity assessment demonstrated no adverse effects on blood parameters or major organs, reinforcing the formulation's safety profile.

Results: The characterization results confirmed smooth, spherical nanoparticles with suitable size and charge for targeted delivery. The FTIR and XRD analyses validated successful drug encapsulation and molecular interaction. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrated significant anticancer activity against the MCF-7 cell line. CAM and RBC aggregation assays indicated potent anti-angiogenic effects and enhanced oxygenation under PDT conditions, while in vivo toxicity evaluation showed no harmful effects on blood or organ systems.

Conclusion: This research work demonstrates the potential of aptamer (AS1411) guided Novel anti-cancer drug (SA24-3) and Chlorine E6 loaded polymeric nanoparticles as a multifaceted and targeted approach for breast cancer treatment, leveraging biocompatibility and photodynamic synergy to improve therapeutic outcomes. These findings provide a foundation for further clinical investigations, with the potential to impact future breast cancer therapy.