Gouty Arthritis: Pathophysiology, Current Therapeutic Strategies and the Emerging Role of Artificial Intelligence
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https://doi.org/10.68163/ptr.2026.79Keywords:
Artificial intelligence, gouty arthritis, hyperuricemia, inflammation, monosodium urate crystals, urate-lowering therapyAbstract
Gouty arthritis is a chronic inflammatory metabolic disorder that is one of the most prevalent forms of inflammatory arthritis worldwide and its burden continues to increase due to various factors, including obesity, dietary changes, sedentary lifestyles and metabolic disorders. Persistent hyperuricemia promotes the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, which triggers acute gout flares and may progress to chronic tophaceous gout, accompanied by irreversible joint damage and disability. The pathogenesis involves activation of innate immune pathways and the NLRP3 inflammasome, resulting in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The condition can be diagnosed by assessing serum urate levels, clinical manifestations and, when appropriate, MSU crystal deposition, while management includes pharmacological treatment and lifestyle modification. Emerging targeted therapies and artificial intelligence are expected to improve long-term disease monitoring, enhance clinical outcomes and reduce the global burden of gout.
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